Age causes structural and functional changes in skeletal muscle in a wide range of species,
including humans. Muscle changes in humans start in the fourth decade of life and cause
frailty and disabilities. Associated changes in body composition form the basis of many
metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and
hyperlipidemia, which result in an increased incidence of cardiovascular death. Decreases
in the synthesis rates of many muscle proteins, specifically of myosin heavy chain and …